@article{ref1,
title="Increased cardiometabolic and mortality risk following childhood maltreatment in the United Kingdom",
journal="Journal of the American Heart Association",
year="2020",
author="Chandan, Joht Singh and Okoth, Kelvin and Gokhale, Krishna Margadhamane and Bandyopadhyay, Siddhartha and Taylor, Julie and Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Background Childhood maltreatment remains a significant public health issue associated with a number of poor health outcomes. This study explores the association between childhood maltreatment and the subsequent development of cardiometabolic disease and all-cause mortality. <br><br>METHODS and Results Using a UK primary care database between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2018, we conducted a population-based open retrospective cohort study. We matched 80 657 adult patients with a historic recording of childhood maltreatment or maltreatment-related concerns (exposed group) to 161 314 unexposed patients. Outcomes of interest were the development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and risk of all-cause mortality. During the study period there were 243 new diagnoses of cardiovascular disease (incidence rate 8.3 per 10 000 person-years) in the exposed group compared with 254 in the unexposed group (incidence rate 4.6 per 10 000 person-years). Following adjustment for key covariates, this translated to an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 1.71 (95% CI 1.42-2.06). Additionally, the exposed group had an increased risk of hypertension (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.42; 95% CI, 1.26-1.59), type 2 diabetes mellitus (adjusted incidence rate ratio 2.13; 95% CI, 1.86-2.45) and all-cause mortality (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.75; 95% CI, 1.52-2.02) during the study period compared with the unexposed group. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS Considering the high prevalence of exposure to childhood maltreatment, we have demonstrated the substantial associated burden of preventable cardiometabolic disease. There is a clear need to ensure that public health approaches are implemented to prevent the adverse consequences following exposure to childhood maltreatment.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2047-9980",
doi="10.1161/JAHA.119.015855",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.015855"
}