@article{ref1,
title="Within-person variability in firearm carriage among high-risk youth",
journal="American journal of preventive medicine",
year="2020",
author="Sokol, Rebeccah L. and Carter, Patrick M. and Goldstick, Jason and Miller, Alison L. and Walton, Maureen A. L. and Zimmerman, Marc A. and Cunningham, Rebecca M.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Youth who carry firearms-and peers that surround them-are at increased risk for violent injuries. Because firearm carriage behaviors can change over time within an individual, it is important to identify individual and social-contextual determinants that explain this within-person variability in carriage.   METHODS: The authors identified individual and social-contextual determinants of firearm carriage in the past 6 months using multilevel logistic models on 5 waves of panel data from the Flint Youth Injury Study (n=597; ages 14-24 years), collected in 2009-2011 and analyzed in 2019.   RESULTS: Regarding within-person effects, when an individual had more positive peer affiliations than their average, their odds of carrying a firearm decreased (OR=0.88; 95% CI=0.81, 0.96). Conversely, an individual's odds of carrying a firearm increased when they had more negative peer affiliations (OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.02, 1.14), experienced more victimization (OR=1.03, 95% CI=1.01, 1.05), perceived greater community violence (OR=1.12, 95% CI=1.05, 1.21), or exhibited greater retaliatory attitudes (OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.01, 1.19) than their average.   CONCLUSIONS: Peer affiliations, victimization, community violence perceptions, and retaliatory attitudes explain within-person variability in firearm carriage. Strategies for reducing carriage among youth should consider individual- and environmental-level interventions to address these individual and social-contextual determinants.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0749-3797",
doi="10.1016/j.amepre.2020.03.005",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.03.005"
}