@article{ref1,
title="Protective Factors Associated with Preadolescent Violence: Preliminary Work on a Cultural Model",
journal="American journal of community psychology",
year="2007",
author="Jagers, Robert J. and Sydnor, Kim and Mouttapa, Michele and Flay, Brian R.",
volume="40",
number="1-2",
pages="138-145",
abstract="This study explores the influences of communal values, empathy, violence avoidance self-efficacy beliefs, and classmate's fighting on violent behaviors among urban African American preadolescent boys and girls. As part of a larger intervention study, 644 low-income 5th grade students from 12 schools completed a baseline assessment that included the target constructs. Boys reported more violent behaviors, and lower levels of empathy and violence avoidance self-efficacy beliefs than girls. Path analyses revealed that, after controlling for the positive contributions of classmate's fighting, violence avoidance self-efficacy beliefs were a negative predictor of violent behavior. Communal values had a direct negative relationship with violence for boys, but not girls. Both communal values and empathy were associated with less violent behavior through positive relationships with violence avoidance self-efficacy beliefs. For girls, classmate fighting had an indirect positive association with violent behavior through its negative relationship with violence avoidance self-efficacy beliefs. Findings are discussed in terms of implications of basic and applied research on violence among African American youth.  <p></p>  <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0091-0562",
doi="10.1007/s10464-007-9121-4",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9121-4"
}