@article{ref1,
title="Traumatic injuries due to interpersonal and domestic violence in the United States",
journal="Journal of surgical research",
year="2020",
author="Tennakoon, Lakshika and Hakes, Nicholas A. and Knowlton, Lisa M. and Spain, David A.",
volume="254",
number="",
pages="206-216",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Domestic and intimate partner violence (DV) are under-reported causes of injury. We describe the health care utilization of DV patients, hypothesizing they are at increased risk of mortality.   METHODS: We queried the 2014 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample for adult patients (18 y and older) with a primary diagnosis of trauma. DV was abstracted using International Statistical Classification of Diseases, ninth Revision codes for partner or spouse intimate violence, abuse, or neglect. The primary outcome was mortality; secondary outcomes included admission rates and charges.   RESULTS: Among 14 million trauma patients, 654,356 (5.0%) had a diagnosis of DV. Compared with other trauma patients, DV patients were younger (34.6 versus 46.8 y, P < 0.001), more often male (69.5% versus 50.1%, P < 0.001), and more likely to be uninsured (31.5% versus 15.6%, P < 0.001). 9154 (1.4%) were injured because of intimate partner violence, of which 90.2% were female. Drug and alcohol abuse (22.2%), anxiety (1.8%), and depression (1.3%) were high among all DV trauma patients. DV emergency department charges were higher ($4462 versus $2,871, P < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, DV trauma patients had 2.1 higher odds of mortality (aOR: 2.31, P < 0.001). DV trauma patients were also associated with a $1516 increase in emergency department charges compared with non-DV trauma patients (95% CI: $1489-$1,542, P < 0.001).   CONCLUSIONS: Injuries related to all types of DV are emerging as a public health crisis among both genders. To mitigate under-reporting, it is important to identify at-risk patients and provide them with appropriate resources.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-4804",
doi="10.1016/j.jss.2020.03.062",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.03.062"
}