@article{ref1,
title="The association between quantity, frequency and duration of cocaine use during the heaviest use period and DSM-5 cocaine use disorder",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2020",
author="Liu, Yiyang and Cheong, JeeWon and Vaddiparti, Krishna and Cottler, Linda B.",
volume="213",
number="",
pages="e108114-e108114",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Quantity (Q), frequency (F), and duration (D) of cocaine use during a person's heaviest use period are important aspects of cocaine use patterns that associated with cocaine use disorder (CocUD).   METHODS: A total 2988 lifetime cocaine users who met CocUD after the onset of cocaine heaviest use were identified from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III). QFD were each categorized into four levels. Hierarchical regressions were used to examine the association between QFD of cocaine use and CocUD. Two-way interactions between QFD were also examined.   RESULTS: As the level of cocaine use increased from low to very high, the prevalence of CocUD increased. Compared to people with low F, cocaine users with very high F were 12.09 times (95 %CI 6.33, 23.07) as likely to meet criteria for CocUD. Similarly, Q was associated with 4.84 (95 %CI 2.55, 9.18) times the risk of CocUD. D was not significantly associated with the risk of CocUD. Significant additive interaction was identified between Q*F on CocUD prevalence. Approximately one-third of the excess risk associated with having high Q & high F was due to the interactive effect.   CONCLUSION: Of these three cocaine use patterns, F had the strongest association with CocUD, followed by the Q. High Q and high F was a very dangerous pattern of cocaine use as the combination had as a synergistic effect on the risk of CocUD. It is important for intervention programs to focus on the reduction of both Q and F.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108114",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108114"
}