@article{ref1,
title="Submissiveness, assertiveness and aggressiveness in school-age children: the role of self-efficacy and the Big Five",
journal="Children and youth services review",
year="2020",
author="Nikel, Łukasz",
volume="110",
number="",
pages="e104746-e104746",
abstract="The aim of the present study was to explain submissiveness, aggressiveness, and assertiveness in terms of self-efficacy and the Big Five personality traits. Participants were 398 primary-school children (49.5% girls) aged 8-11 years. Measures of submissiveness, aggressiveness, assertiveness, self-efficacy, and the Big Five personality traits were obtained from children self-reports. The results revealed statistically significant differences between submissive, assertive, and aggressive children on the Big Five personality traits and self-efficacy. Aggressive behaviours were predicted by agreeableness and self-efficacy in self-control. In addition, self-efficacy in self-control was negatively related to aggressiveness only when agreeableness was low; this relationship was insignificant in children with high agreeableness. The results also revealed some significant differences between submissive, assertive, and aggressive behaviour in school-age children; that is, on agreeableness and self-efficacy in self-control, assertive children and aggressive children sat at opposite ends of the continuum, while submissive children were situated in the middle.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0190-7409",
doi="10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104746",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104746"
}