@article{ref1,
title="Clinical evaluation techniques for injury risk assessment in elite swimmers: a systematic review",
journal="Sports health",
year="2020",
author="Schlueter, Kaitlyn R. and Pintar, Joshua A. and Wayman, Katherine J. and Hartel, Lynda J. and Briggs, Matthew S.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="CONTEXT: Evidence concerning a systematic, comprehensive injury risk assessment in the elite swimming population is scarce.   OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of current literature regarding clinical assessment techniques used to evaluate the presence and/or development of pain/injury in elite swimmers and to categorize objective clinical assessment tools into relevant predictors (constructs) that should consistently be evaluated in injury risk screens of elite swimmers.   DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and the Cochrane Library Reviews were searched through September 2018.   STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included for review if they assessed a correlation between clinic-based objective measures and the presence and/or development of acute or chronic pain/injury in elite swimmers. All body regions were included. Elite swimmers were defined as National Collegiate Athletic Association, collegiate, and junior-, senior-, or national-level swimmers. Only cohort and cross-sectional studies were included (both prospective and retrospective); randomized controlled trials, expert opinion, and case reports were excluded, along with studies that focused on interventions, performance, or specific swim-stroke equipment or technology.   STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and qualitative analysis.   LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3.   DATA EXTRACTION: PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were utilized at each phase of review by 2 reviewers; a third reviewer was utilized for tie breaking purposes. Qualitative analysis was performed using the Methodological Items for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) assessment tool.   RESULTS: A total of 21 studies assessed the presence and/or development of injury/pain in 3 different body regions: upper extremity, lower extremity, and spine. Calculated average MINORS scores for comparative (n = 17) and noncomparative (n = 4) studies were 18.1 of 24 and 10.5 of 16, respectively. Modifiable, objectively measurable injury risk factors in elite swimmers were categorized into 4 constructs: (1) strength/endurance, (2) mobility, (3) static/dynamic posture, and (4) patient-report regardless of body region.   CONCLUSION: Limited evidence exists to draw specific correlations between identified clinical objective measures and the development of pain and/or injury in elite swimmers.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1941-7381",
doi="10.1177/1941738120920518",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738120920518"
}