@article{ref1,
title="Ingestion of multiple magnets in children",
journal="Journal of pediatric surgery",
year="2020",
author="Han, Yireh and Youn, Joong Kee and Oh, Chaeyoun and Lee, Sanghoon and Seo, Jeong-Meen and Kim, Hyun-Young",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Background The ingestion of multiple magnets is harmful in children because it can cause intestinal obstruction and/or perforation. We present an approach for the management of children visiting the emergency department with multiple magnet ingestion.   Methods: We retrospectively investigated 9 children who presented to 2 centers in Korea between January 2004 and August 2018 with a history of multiple magnet ingestion. Demographics, major symptoms, management, and outcomes were analyzed.   Results: Of the 9 children investigated, median age was 34 months with vomiting and abdominal pain as the most common initial symptoms. Six (67%) underwent surgical removal of the magnets after observing for mean 2.2 days. Reasons for surgical managements were no magnet migration on serial radiographs in 3, suspected obstruction or microperforation in 2 and failed endoscopic removal in 1. Three patients (33%) were asymptomatic and were treated with meticulous observation using serial plain radiographs for average 3.3 days. All patients discharged without adverse outcomes and complications.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Surgical removal is warranted in patients with symptoms suspicious of intestinal obstruction and/or perforation or without magnet migration. Asymptomatic children can be observed over at least 2-3 days with serial simple radiographs while awaiting magnet migration.   Level of evidence: IV.   Keywords: Multiple magnet ingestion<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3468",
doi="10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.11.021",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.11.021"
}