@article{ref1,
title="Lifetime history of traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness and the likelihood for lifetime depression and risk behaviors: 2017 BRFSS North Carolina",
journal="Journal of head trauma rehabilitation",
year="2020",
author="Waltzman, Dana and Daugherty, Jill and Sarmiento, Kelly and Proescholdbell, Scott",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Because of the growing concern about the potential effects of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) on a child's developing brain and the potential impact of lifetime depression and risk behaviors associated with TBI, further exploration is warranted.   SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Data (N = 4917) from the 2017 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS).   DESIGN: Cross-sectional.   MAIN MEASURES: Examine whether a lifetime history of TBI with loss of consciousness (LOC) or having a history of TBI with LOC prior to 18 years of age was associated with a greater likelihood of lifetime depression, current binge drinking, and current cigarette and e-cigarette smoking.   RESULTS: Respondents with a history of TBI with LOC had 2.1 (95% CI, 1.6-2.8) times higher odds of lifetime depression and 1.7 to 1.8 (95% CI, 1.02-2.97) times higher odds of all risk behaviors than those without a lifetime history of TBI with LOC. There were no statistical differences between age of first TBI with LOC and lifetime depression, binge drinking, cigarette smoking, and e-cigarette use after controlling for key demographics.   CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the importance of increasing awareness among healthcare providers of the prevalence of lifetime depression and risk behaviors among individuals with a history of TBI and the need for improved screening and referrals to evidence-based services.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0885-9701",
doi="10.1097/HTR.0000000000000603",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000603"
}