@article{ref1,
title="Neuromuscular performance characteristics of open-wheel and rally drivers",
journal="Journal of strength and conditioning research",
year="2005",
author="Backman, Jani and Häkkinen, Keijo and Ylinen, Jari and Häkkinen, Arja and Kyröläinen, H.",
volume="19",
number="4",
pages="777-784",
abstract="The purpose of the present study was to investigate neuromuscular performance characteristics in open-wheel and rally drivers using the cross-sectional study design. The subjects (N = 28) consisted of experienced international-level open-wheel drivers (n = 9), experienced international-level rally drivers (n = 9) and a physically active nondriving male control group (n = 10). In 3 separate test sessions, speed, muscle strength, and endurance tests were performed. The rally drivers had higher (p < 0.05) grip, shoulder flexion, and ankle plantar flexion strength, as compared to the control group. The open-wheel drivers showed higher strengths (p < 0.05) than the controls in neck forces, grip, shoulder flexion, and leg extension. The rally drivers were stronger (p < 0.05) than the open-wheel drivers in grip, plantar flexion, and trunk extension forces, whereas the open-wheel drivers were stronger (p < 0.01) than the rally drivers in neck lateral flexions and extension forces. Thus, competitive long-term open-wheel and rally drivers differ specifically in neuromuscular performance. For practice, these findings suggest that rally drivers should concentrate on training hand, ankle, and trunk muscles, whereas open-wheel drivers should train neck muscles, especially, and all other muscle groups rather equally.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1064-8011",
doi="10.1519/R-16544.1",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/R-16544.1"
}