@article{ref1,
title="Empirical Bayes before-after evaluation of horizontal curve warning pavement markings on two-lane rural highways in Pennsylvania",
journal="Accident analysis and prevention",
year="2020",
author="Wood, Jonathan and Donnell, Eric T.",
volume="146",
number="",
pages="e105734-e105734",
abstract="Roadway departure crashes contribute to a large proportion of fatal and injury crashes in the United States. These crash types are more likely to occur along horizontal curve sections of a roadway. Countermeasures that prevent vehicles from departing the roadway is one method to mitigate roadway departure crashes. Pennsylvania has deployed on-pavement horizontal curve warning markings in advance of horizontal curves on two-lane rural highways as a roadway departure crash reduction strategy. This study used an Empirical Bayes (EB) before-after study design to evaluate the safety effects of the horizontal curve warning pavement markings. A total of 263 treatment sites and more than 21,000 reference sites were included in the evaluation. Crash modification factors were developed for total, fatal plus injury, run-off-road, nighttime, nighttime run-off-road, and nighttime fatal plus injury crashes. The point estimates for each of these crashes ranged from 0.65 to 0.77 - the results were statistically significant for total and fatal plus injury crashes at the 95th-percentile confidence level.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0001-4575",
doi="10.1016/j.aap.2020.105734",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105734"
}