@article{ref1,
title="Psychometric development of an instrument measuring social bullying in nursing academia: item development and content validation",
journal="Nurse educator",
year="2020",
author="Beitz, Janice M. and Beckmann, Claudia A.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Social bullying in academic nursing schools is an understudied area, yet extant research shows it is prevalent.   PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to generate a formal definition for academic social bullying and content validate an instrument measuring it in academic nursing.   METHODS: Classic psychometric theory and survey design were used to develop an instrument measuring academic social bullying. Extensive literature review and analysis of existing instruments were conducted; 108 items indicating bullying behaviors and organizational characteristics were created. This study targeted establishing initial content validity. Forty nurse experts who had experienced or published on academic bullying were invited; 24 responded. Experts rated agreement with relevance/appropriateness of items using a Likert scale and provided comments.   RESULTS: Forty items with content validity indexes near 0.80 and supportive comments were retained. A formal definition was developed from experts' feedback.   CONCLUSIONS: Insights regarding differences between bullying and incivility were obtained.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0363-3624",
doi="10.1097/NNE.0000000000000907",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000907"
}