@article{ref1,
title="A cohort study of the temporal stability of ImPACT scores among NCAA Division I collegiate athletes: clinical implications of test-retest reliability for enhancing student athlete safety",
journal="Archives of clinical neuropsychology",
year="2020",
author="Mason, Sara J. and Davidson, Bradley S. and Lehto, Marybeth and Ledreux, Aurélie and Granholm, Ann-Charlotte and Gorgens, Kim A.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: In this study we examined the temporal stability of the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) within NCAA Division I athletes across various timepoints using an exhaustive series of statistical models.   METHODS: Within a cohort design, 48 athletes completed repeated baseline ImPACT assessments at various timepoints. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated using a two-way mixed effects model with absolute agreement.   RESULTS: Four ImPACT composite scores (Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Visual Motor Speed, and Reaction Time) demonstrated moderate reliability (ICC = 0.51-0.66) across the span of a typical Division I athlete's career, which is below previous reliability recommendations (0.90) for measures used in individual decision-making. No evidence of fixed bias was detected within Verbal Memory, Visual Motor Speed, or Reaction Time composite scores, and minimal detectable change values exceeded the limits of agreement.   CONCLUSIONS: The demonstrated temporal stability of the ImPACT falls below the published recommendations, and as such, fails to provide robust support for the NCAA's recommendation to obtain a single preparticipation cognitive baseline for use in sports-related concussion management throughout an athlete's career. Clinical interpretation guidelines are provided for clinicians who utilize baseline ImPACT scores for later performance comparisons.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0887-6177",
doi="10.1093/arclin/acaa047",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa047"
}