@article{ref1,
title="Considering the military-media nexus from the perspective of competing groups: the case of ISIS and al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula",
journal="Dynamics of asymmetric conflict: pathways toward terrorism and genocide",
year="2020",
author="Winkler, Carol and El-Damanhoury, Kareem and Dicker, Aaron and Luu, Yennhi and Kaczkowski, Wojciech and El-Karhili, Nagham",
volume="13",
number="1",
pages="3-23",
abstract="To address if and how militant, non-state actors in the online environment react to on-the-ground military pressures facing their competitors, this study explores AQAP's visual media campaign during the 2016-2017 military operations to retake Mosul and Raqqa from ISIS control. Using chi-square analyses and content analysis, we analyzed 4027 images from Inspire, Jihad Recollections, and al-Masra to reveal how the onset of the ISIS battles corresponded to changes in AQAP's strategic use of visual content, presentational form, and language-based audience targeting. Significant changes in visual content related to the display of institutional power structures rather than identity markers. Shifts in presentational elements involved image positioning (foreground/background) and viewer distance (intimate/personal vs. social public). Language-based targeting strategies between English and Arabic publications, however, demonstrated the most substantial change from before to during the battles. The study concludes that a complete understanding of the military-media nexus of militant, non-state groups requires consideration of military pressure on competing groups.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1746-7586",
doi="10.1080/17467586.2019.1630744",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17467586.2019.1630744"
}