@article{ref1,
title="Non-binary and binary transgender youth: comparison of mental health, self-harm, suicidality, substance use and victimization experiences",
journal="International journal of transgenderism",
year="2019",
author="Rimes, Katharine A. and Goodship, Nicola and Ussher, Greg and Baker, Dan and West, Elizabeth",
volume="20",
number="2-3",
pages="230-240",
abstract="Background: Little research has compared the mental health and victimization experiences of non-binary youth depending on their sex assigned at birth (SAAB), or compared these two groups with binary transgender youth.                           Aims: To compare mental health, self-harm and suicidality, substance use and victimization experiences between non-binary and binary transgender young adults, both male assigned at birth (MAAB) and female assigned at birth (FAAB).                           Methods: Online survey data from 677 participants from the &quot;Youth Chances&quot; community study of 16 to 25 year olds in the United Kingdom was analyzed, comparing across binary participants (transgender females (n = 105) and transgender males (n = 210)) and non-binary participants (MAAB (n = 93) and FAAB (n = 269)).                           Results: Female SAAB participants (binary and non-binary) were more likely to report a current mental health condition and history of self-harm than male SAAB participants (binary and non-binary). Similarly, female SAAB participants (binary and non-binary) were more likely to report childhood sexual abuse than male SAAB participants (binary and non-binary); the reverse pattern was found for lifetime physical assault relating to being LGBTQ. Non-binary MAAB participants were less likely than the other groups to report past suicide attempts and previous help-seeking for depression/anxiety. Binary participants reported lower life satisfaction than non-binary participants. For all four groups, mental health problems, self-harm, suicidality, alcohol use and victimization experiences were generally higher than that of youth in general population studies.   Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of considering both non-binary versus binary gender identity and SAAB in relation to mental health problems, self-harm, suicidality and substance use in transgender youth. The roles of sexual abuse, other abuse and discrimination in contributing to increased rates of mental illness and self-harm in non-binary and binary transgender individuals, particularly those who were assigned female at birth, relative to those assigned male, require investigation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1553-2739",
doi="10.1080/15532739.2017.1370627",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1370627"
}