@article{ref1,
title="Global trends of hand and wrist trauma: a systematic analysis of fracture and digit amputation using the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study",
journal="Injury prevention",
year="2020",
author="Crowe, Christopher Stephen and Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard and Morrison, Shane Douglas and Chang, James and Friedrich, Jeffrey Barton and Abady, Gdiom Gebreheat and Alahdab, Fares and Alipour, Vahid and Arabloo, Jalal and Asaad, Malke and Banach, Maciej and Bijani, Ali and Borzì, Antonio Maria and Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich and Castle, Chris D. and Cho, Daniel Youngwhan and Chung, Michael T. and Daryani, Ahmad and Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam and Dingels, Zachary V. and Do, Hoa Thi and Fischer, Florian and Fox, Jack T. and Fukumoto, Takeshi and Gebre, Abadi Kahsu and Gebremichael, Berhe and Haagsma, Juanita A. and Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin and Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes and Hay, Simon I. and Hoang, Chi Linh and Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi and Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy and Kalhor, Rohollah and Kasaeian, Amir and Khader, Yousef Saleh and Khalilov, Rovshan and Khan, Ejaz Ahmad and Khundkar, Roba and Kisa, Sezer and Kisa, Adnan and Liu, Zichen and Majdan, Marek and Manafi, Navid and Manafi, Ali and Manda, Ana-Laura and Meretoja, Tuomo J. and Miller, Ted R. and Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah and Mohammadpourhodki, Reza and Bandpei, Mohammad A. Mohseni and Mokdad, Ali H. and Naimzada, Mukhammad David and Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith and Nguyen, Cuong Tat and Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi and Olagunju, Andrew T. and Olagunju, Tinuke O. and Pham, Hai Quang and Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga and Rabiee, Navid and Ramezanzadeh, Kiana and Ranganathan, Kavitha and Roberts, Nicholas L. S. and Roever, Leonardo and Safari, Saeed and Samy, Abdallah M. and Riera, Lidia Sanchez and Shahabi, Saeed and Smarandache, Catalin-Gabriel and Sylte, Dillon O. and Tesfay, Berhe Etsay and Tran, Bach Xuan and Ullah, Irfan and Vahedi, Parviz and Vahedian-Azimi, Amir and Vos, Theo and Woldeyes, Dawit Habte and Wondmieneh, Adam Belay and Zhang, Zhi-Jiang and James, Spencer L.",
volume="26",
number="Suppl 1",
pages="i115-i124",
abstract="Background As global rates of mortality decrease, rates of non-fatal injury have increased, particularly in low Socio-demographic Index (SDI) nations. We hypothesised this global pattern of non-fatal injury would be demonstrated in regard to bony hand and wrist trauma over the 27-year study period.   Methods The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 was used to estimate prevalence, age-standardised incidence and years lived with disability for hand trauma in 195 countries from 1990 to 2017. Individual injuries included hand and wrist fractures, thumb amputations and non-thumb digit amputations.   Results The global incidence of hand trauma has only modestly decreased since 1990. In 2017, the age-standardised incidence of hand and wrist fractures was 179 per 100 000 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 146 to 217), whereas the less common injuries of thumb and non-thumb digit amputation were 24 (95% UI 17 to 34) and 56 (95% UI 43 to 74) per 100 000, respectively. Rates of injury vary greatly by region, and improvements have not been equally distributed. The highest burden of hand trauma is currently reported in high SDI countries. However, low-middle and middle SDI countries have increasing rates of hand trauma by as much at 25%.   Conclusions Certain regions are noted to have high rates of hand trauma over the study period. Low-middle and middle SDI countries, however, have demonstrated increasing rates of fracture and amputation over the last 27 years. This trend is concerning as access to quality and subspecialised surgical hand care is often limiting in these resource-limited regions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1353-8047",
doi="10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043495",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043495"
}