@article{ref1,
title=""All the time, every day, 24/7": a qualitative perspective on symptoms of post-traumatic stress in long-term cases of traditional and cyber victimizations in Norway and Ireland",
journal="International journal of bullying prevention",
year="2020",
author="Sjursø, Ida Risanger and Fandrem, Hildegunn and Roland, Erling",
volume="2",
number="2",
pages="139-148",
abstract="This article investigates symptoms of post-traumatic stress in victims of long lasting cases of traditional and/or cyber victimization. The article presents findings from semi structured interviews with nine victims; eight girls and one boy, five Norwegian and four Irish--who had experienced either traditional or both traditional and cyber bullying. The informants were chosen because they had been victims of closed bullying cases lasting from 1-7 years. The findings showed that victims who had experienced only traditional bullying reported fewer symptoms of post-traumatic stress than &quot;poly victims&quot;, i.e., those who had experienced both traditional and cyber victimization. Furthermore, differences were detected between these two groups--victims of traditional bullying and poly victims--regarding when and where the symptoms were experienced and the kind of sub-symptoms that were described. It is important to be aware of these different symptoms when working with children who have experienced traditional and/or cyber victimization to ensure that these children obtain support customized to their needs. The findings could also have practical implications for anti-bullying programs that work with victims involved in both ongoing and closed cases of bullying.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2523-3653",
doi="10.1007/s42380-019-00024-8",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42380-019-00024-8"
}