@article{ref1,
title="Vitamin D supplementation and fracture risk: evidence for a U-shaped effect",
journal="Maturitas",
year="2020",
author="Anagnostis, Panagiotis and Bosdou, Julia K. and Kenanidis, Eustathios and Potoupnis, Michael and Tsiridis, Eleftherios and Goulis, Dimitrios G.",
volume="141",
number="",
pages="63-70",
abstract="During the last decade, a cascade of evidence has questioned the anti-fracture efficacy of vitamin D supplementation. In general, vitamin D status, reflected by serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations, seems to predict fracture risk and bone mineral density (BMD). Despite the well-documented detrimental effect of vitamin D deficiency on bones, vitamin D monotherapy does not seem to reduce the risk of fractures. On the other hand, high vitamin D doses, either at monthly (60,000-100,000 IU) or daily intervals (>4000 IU), appear to be harmful with regard to falls, fracture risk and BMD, especially for people without vitamin D deficiency and at low fracture risk. Therefore, a U-shaped effect of vitamin D on the musculoskeletal system may be supported by the current evidence. Vitamin D supplementation could be of value, at daily doses of at least 800 IU, co-supplemented with calcium (1000-1200  mg/day), in elderly populations, especially those with severe vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D <25-30  nmol/L (<10-12  ng/mL)], although its anti-fracture and anti-fall efficacy is modest. Good compliance and at least 3-5 years of therapy are required.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0378-5122",
doi="10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.06.016",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.06.016"
}