@article{ref1,
title="Etiology and patterns of pediatric mandibular fractures in Portugal: A retrospective study of 10 years",
journal="Journal of cranialfacial surgery",
year="2004",
author="Ferreira, Pedro Costa and Amarante, Jose Manuel and Silva, Alvaro Catarino and Pereira, Jose Miguel and Cardoso, Maria Augusta and Rodrigues, Jorge Manuel",
volume="15",
number="3",
pages="384-391",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of occurrence of mandibular fractures in the pediatric population in Portugal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study reviews the records of patients 18 years of age or younger from the 10-year period 1993 to 2002. Age, gender, anatomic site, cause of the accident, weekly and monthly variation, location and type of fractures, presence and location of associated injuries, treatment methods, and complications were reviewed. RESULTS: During this 10-year period, 521 patients with 681 mandibular fractures were treated. Motor vehicle accident (MVA) was the most common (53.9% patients) cause of fracture. Almost half of the patients (48.8%) were in the oldest age group (16 to 18 years old). The condyle of the mandible was involved in 31.0% of the fractures. Maxillomandibular (MMF) fixation was used in 534 (78.4%) fractures. Overall mortality in this series was 0.6% (3 patients); mortality was caused by multiple traumas, mainly head trauma. CONCLUSION: There is a need to reinforce legislation aimed to prevent MVA and the total enforcement of existing laws to reduce maxillofacial injuries among children and adolescents.   <p></p>  <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1049-2275",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}