@article{ref1,
title="An analysis of 3599 midfacial and 1141 orbital blowout fractures among 4426 United States Army Soldiers, 1980-2000",
journal="Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery",
year="2004",
author="Shere, Jeffrey L. and Boole, Jason R. and Holtel, Michael R. and Amoroso, Paul J.",
volume="130",
number="2",
pages="164-170",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: We sought to present the epidemiology associated with 3599 midfacial and 1141 orbital blowout fractures. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a multicenter, 20-year retrospective analysis of hospitalization data on U.S. Army active duty soldiers. RESULTS: Men composed 96% of the patients, with men aged 20 to 29 years the most affected. Of midfacial and blowout fractures, 54.8% and 70.2% occurred with concomitant injury, with 36.2% and 50.9% sustaining other facial fractures, respectively. Three hundred forty orbital blowout fractures (29.8%) had an associated eye injury. Common mechanisms included fighting and motor vehicle accidents. CONCLUSIONS: Young men comprised the most susceptible population, and assault was the predominant mechanism. A high incidence of concomitant injury in midfacial and orbital blowout fractures, particularly ocular and intracranial injury, emphasizes the importance of a thorough physical examination. SIGNIFICANCE: We report the results from one of the largest series of midfacial and orbital floor blowout fractures from a population that crosses urban, rural, and foreign boundaries.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0194-5998",
doi="10.1016/j.otohns.2003.09.018",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2003.09.018"
}