@article{ref1,
title="Patterns and predictors of reincarceration among prisoners with serious mental illness: a cohort study",
journal="Canadian journal of psychiatry, The",
year="2020",
author="Jones, Roland M. and Manetsch, Madleina and Gerritsen, Cory and Simpson, Alexander I. F.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: A small proportion of people who have serious mental illness and rapid and frequent incarcerations account for a disproportionate amount of overall service use and cost. It is important to describe such individuals, so that services can respond more effectively.   METHODS: We investigated a cohort of 4,704 incarcerated men and women who were discharged from a correctional mental health service and followed for a median of 535 days. We investigated social, clinical, demographic, and offense characteristics as predictors of return to the service using Cox survival analyses. Secondly, we characterized individuals as high-frequency service users as those who had 3 or more incarcerations during a 1-year period and investigated their characteristics.   RESULTS: We found that a higher rate of return to custody was associated with schizophrenia spectrum/bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), personality disorder traits, crack cocaine and methamphetamine use, and unstable housing. Charges of theft/robbery and breach of probation were also positively associated, and sex assault was negatively associated with return to custody. Within a 1-year time period, we found 7.2% of individuals were high-frequency service users, which accounted for 19.5% of all reincarcerations.   CONCLUSION: Identification of the characteristics of those with mental illness in custody, especially those who have high-frequency returns to custody, may provide opportunity to target resources more effectively. The primary targets of intervention would be to treat those with schizophrenia/BPAD and substance use problems, particularly those using stimulants, and addressing homelessness. This could reduce the problem of repeated criminalization of the mentally ill and reduce the overall incarceration rate.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0706-7437",
doi="10.1177/0706743720970829",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743720970829"
}