@article{ref1,
title="Recalled experiences of bullying and victimization in a longitudinal, population-based birth cohort: the influence of ADHD and co-occurring psychiatric disorder",
journal="Journal of attention disorders",
year="2020",
author="Fogler, Jason M. and Weaver, Amy L. and Katusic, Slavica and Voigt, Robert G. and Barbaresi, William J.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To describe bullying experiences throughout childhood of people with and without childhood ADHD and co-occurring learning and psychiatric disorders from a population-based birth cohort.   METHODS: In a secondary data analysis of 199 childhood ADHD cases and 287 non-ADHD referents (N = 486), reported experiences of peer interactions during elementary, middle, or high school were classified as &quot;bully,&quot; &quot;victim,&quot; &quot;neither,&quot; or &quot;both.&quot; Associations were assessed with multinomial logistic regression.   RESULTS: Adjusted for male sex, the odds of classification as victim-only, victim/bully, or bully- only (vs. neither) were 3.70 (2.36-5.81), 17.71, and 8.17 times higher for childhood ADHD cases compared to non-ADHD referents. Victim-bullies (62.5%) and bullies (64.3%) had both childhood ADHD and other psychiatric disorders versus 38.4% of victims-only and 17.3% of those classified as &quot;neither.&quot;  CONCLUSION: The list of serious lifetime consequences of having ADHD also includes bullying. We offer future research directions for determining potential causal pathways.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1087-0547",
doi="10.1177/1087054720969981",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054720969981"
}