@article{ref1,
title="Long-term effects of driving skill training on safe driving in older adults with mild cognitive impairment",
journal="Journal of the American Geriatrics Society",
year="2020",
author="Ishii, Hideaki and Doi, Takehiko and Tsutsumimoto, Kota and Nakakubo, Sho and Kurita, Satoshi and Shimada, Hiroyuki",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: A driving skill program had positive effects on safe driving performance in older adults, even those with cognitive impairment. However, the long-term effects of the program remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine whether such effects were maintained at 1 year after the intervention in older adults with cognitive impairment who had low driving skills.   DESIGN: A secondary analysis of single-blind randomized controlled trial.   SETTING: Community setting in Japan.   PARTICIPANTS: Community-living adults, aged 65 years or older (n = 159), with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).   INTERVENTION: The intervention group completed 10 classroom sessions of 1 hour and 10 on-road sessions of 50 minutes, focusing on common problem areas of older drivers. The control group received one education class about safety driving.   MEASUREMENTS: On-road driving performance was assessed by certified driving school instructors in a driving school at preintervention and postintervention, and 1-year follow-up.   RESULTS: A total of 159 community-living older drivers participated in this study and were randomized to either an intervention group (n = 71) or a control group (n = 88). One year after the intervention, 104 of 159 community-living older drivers completed the follow-up assessment (intervention group, n = 58). Regarding the safe driving skill score, there was a significant group × time interaction (P < .01), indicating benefits of the intervention over time. Although the intervention group showed a significant decline in the safe driving skill score from postintervention (score = 38.9 ± 46.1) to 1-year follow-up (score = -0.3 ± 55.2), there was a significant difference between the groups at 1-year follow-up (control group score = -148.5 ± 46.4) (P < .05), and between preintervention (score = -132.0 ± 54.6) and 1-year follow-up in the intervention group (P < .05).   CONCLUSION: The driving skill program maintained safe driving performance that had been improved by the intervention in older adults with MCI.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-8614",
doi="10.1111/jgs.16888",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16888"
}