@article{ref1,
title="Effects of slow-release caffeine and a nap on driving simulator performance after partial sleep deprivation",
journal="Perceptual and motor skills",
year="2003",
author="De Valck, Elke and De Groot, Esther and Cluydts, Raymond",
volume="96",
number="1",
pages="67-78",
abstract="A driving simulator was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a 30-min. nap and 300-mg slow-release caffeine as countermeasures to drivers' sleepiness induced by partial sleep deprivation. 12 participants were allowed 45 hr. time in bed at the laboratory. Driving performance then was measured twice--at 9 a.m. and at 1 p.m.--by a 45-min. driving task on a simulator. Subjective sleepiness/alertness and mood were assessed four times on the Stanford Sleepiness Scale and the Profile of Mood States. Driving performance was assessed as Lane Drifting, Speed Deviation, and Accident Liability. A 30-min. nap opportunity and 300 mg of slow-release caffeine both were successful in counteracting drivers' sleepiness. The remedial effect of slow-release caffeine lasted longer than that of the nap, that is, it was also effective in the afternoon session. This suggests that slow-release caffeine represents a valuable countermeasure that, in the case of partial sleep deprivation, is preferred to a nap when sleepiness has to be counteracted for a longer time.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0031-5125",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}