@article{ref1,
title="The prevalence rate of sexual violence worldwide: a trend analysis",
journal="BMC public health",
year="2020",
author="Borumandnia, Nasrin and Khadembashi, Naghmeh and Tabatabaei, Mohammad and Alavi Majd, Hamid",
volume="20",
number="1",
pages="e1835-e1835",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study is to showcase the image of Sexual  Violence (SV) temporal trends through exploring differences in its prevalence rates  during 1990-2017 across 195 countries and territories. <br><br>METHODS: The SV prevalence  rates were derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database during  1990-2017, worldwide. First, the Latent Growth Model (LGM) was employed for  assessing the change in SV prevalence rate over time in Asia, Africa, Europe, North  America, South America, Australia & Oceania, for men and women separately. Then, the  change in SV prevalence rate over time was determined within countries with high and  low Human Development Index (HDI). Finally, the Latent Growth Mixture Models (LGMM)  were applied for identifying classes where countries within each class have similar  trend of SV prevalence rate over time. <br><br>RESULTS: The SV prevalence was higher among  women than men and decreased in both genders over time across the world. The  declining trend in SV prevalence against men is visible in both countries with high  and low HDI, but SV prevalence against women in countries with low HDI shows an  increase. The findings of LGMM identified six classes of SV prevalence trajectories. LGMM allocated Bermuda into the class with the highest decrease in SV prevalence  against men, and Equatorial Guinea and Luxembourg into the class with the highest  increase. Other countries had very slow declining trends. In terms of SV prevalence  against women, LGMM allocated China, North Korea, and Taiwan into the class with the  most increase among the countries in the world. Bermuda, Guyana, Mexico, Nigeria,  and Saint Lucia were placed into the class which witnessed the largest decline and  Angola, Congo, and Equatorial Guinea were ranked next. The trend in other countries  was mostly decreasing. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Given the high economic and social burden that SV  has on victims and societies, the rate of SV in most countries does not seem to have  dropped remarkably and requires special attention by relevant policymakers. The SV  prevalence rate is highly heterogeneous among world countries which may be due to  the definitions and tools used, and more importantly, the culture norms.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1471-2458",
doi="10.1186/s12889-020-09926-5",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09926-5"
}