@article{ref1,
title="How much and how fast: alcohol consumption patterns, drinking-episode affect, and  next-day consequences in the daily life of underage heavy drinkers",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2020",
author="Carpenter, Ryan W. and Merrill, Jennifer E.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Understanding how alcohol consumption patterns are associated with  negative and positive outcomes can inform efforts to reduce negative consequences  through modification of those patterns. This is important in underage drinkers, many  of whom drink heavily despite negative consequences. Most work has focused on the  amount of alcohol consumed, but amount provides limited information about  consumption patterns compared to rate of consumption, or how fast individuals drink. We therefore examined associations of both amount and rate of consumption with  negative and positive outcomes (immediate affective states and next-morning  consequences) in daily life. <br><br>METHOD: Ninety-five college students aged 18-20 years  completed ecological momentary assessment over 28 days. Participants reported number  of standard drinks consumed and positive and negative affect hourly within drinking  episodes. Estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) values were used to create  amount and rate of consumption indicators. Each morning after drinking, participants  reported negative (e.g., blackout, hangover) and positive (e.g., new friend, making  others laugh) consequences. <br><br>RESULTS: Within drinking episodes, multilevel models  showed faster consumption was associated with reduced negative affect and both  larger amount and faster consumption were associated with greater positive affect. Further, amount and rate were both associated with greater likelihood of a negative  consequence the next morning. Rate, but not amount, was associated with more  positive consequences. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Not only how much but also how fast individuals  drink may be important for the positive and negative outcomes they experience. Interventions to reduce negative alcohol-related outcomes should consider not only  amount, but also rate of consumption.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108407",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108407"
}