@article{ref1,
title="The incidence of pediatric and adolescent concussion in action sports: a systematic  review and meta-analysis",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2020",
author="Feletti, Francesco and Bonato, Matteo",
volume="17",
number="23",
pages="e8728-e8728",
abstract="BACKGROUND: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence of  concussion risk in youth athletes involved in action sports (AS). <br><br>METHODS: A search  of PubMed and Web of Science (from January 1980 to August 2020). Titles, abstracts,  and full text were screened according to predefined inclusion criteria to find  relevant studies. Moreover, the methodological quality of the studies selected was  assessed. <br><br>RESULTS: Nineteen of 1.619 studies were included in the systematic review  and 14 in the meta-analysis. Motocross, sailing and snowboarding presented the  highest incidence rates per 1000 athlete exposure at 39.22, 3.73 and 2.77  respectively, whereas alpine skiing had the lowest incidence rates resulting in  0.30. Overall risk of concussion was estimated at 0.33 (CI: 0.22, 0.45). Regarding  the methodological quality, we have to report that 26.3% of the studies reported the  definition of concussion while 36.8% presented age and gender-specific incidence  rates. The mechanism of injury and follow up were reported only in one study. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences in the rates of incident youth  concussion across AS. Despite some limitations, the data from this research can  serve as the current sport-specific baseline risk of concussion among youth athletes  who practice action sports.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph17238728",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238728"
}