@article{ref1,
title="The development of a sleep intervention for firefighters: the FIT-IN (Firefighter's Therapy for Insomnia and Nightmares) Study",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2020",
author="Jang, Eun Hee and Hong, Yujin and Kim, Yeji and Lee, Sangha and Ahn, Yeonsoon and Jeong, Kyoung Sook and Jang, Tae-Won and Lim, Hyejin and Jung, Eunha and Disorder Study Group, Shift Work and Chung, Seockhoon and Suh, Sooyeon",
volume="17",
number="23",
pages="e8738-e8738",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Firefighters are vulnerable to irregular sleep patterns and sleep  disturbance due to work characteristics such as shift work and frequent dispatch. However, there are few studies investigating intervention targeting sleep for  firefighters. This preliminary study aimed to develop and test a sleep intervention,  namely FIT-IN (Firefighter's Therapy for Insomnia and Nightmares), which was based  on existing evidence-based treatment tailored to firefighters in consideration of  their occupational characteristics. <br><br>METHODS: This study implemented a single-group  pre-post study design, utilizing an intervention developed based on brief behavior  therapy for insomnia with imagery rehearsal therapy components. FIT-IN consisted of  a total of three sessions (two face-to-face group sessions and one telephone  session). Participants were recruited from Korean fire stations, and a total of 39  firefighters participated. Participants completed a sleep diary for two weeks, as  well as the following questionnaires to assess their sleep and psychological  factors: insomnia severity index (ISI), disturbing dream and nightmare severity  index (DDNSI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), depressive symptom  inventory-suicidality subscale (DSI), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). These questionnaires were administered before the first session and at the end of  the second session. <br><br>RESULTS: The FIT-IN program produced improvements in sleep  indices. There was a significant increase in sleep efficiency (p < 0.01), and a  decrease in sleep onset latency, number of awakenings, and time in bed (p < 0.05),  as derived from weekly sleep diaries. In addition, significant decreases were shown  for insomnia (p < 0.001) and nightmare severity (p < 0.01). <br><br>CONCLUSION: There were  significant improvements in sleep and other clinical indices (depression, PTSD  scores) when comparing pre-and post-intervention scores. FIT-IN may be a feasible  and practical option in alleviating sleep disturbance in this population. Further  studies will be needed to ascertain FIT-IN's effectiveness.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph17238738",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238738"
}