@article{ref1,
title="Increase in HIV incidence in women exposed to rape: a comparative cohort study",
journal="AIDS",
year="2020",
author="Abrahams, Naeemah and Mhlongo, Shibe and Dunkle, Kristin and Chirwa, Esnat and Lombard, Carl and Seedat, Soraya and Kengne, Andre Pascal and Myers, Bronwyn and Peer, Nasheeta and Garcia-Moreno, Claudia and Jewkes, Rachel",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of HIV acquisition in women post-rape compared  with t a cohort of women who had not been raped. <br><br>DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. <br><br>METHODS: The Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study based in Durban, South  Africa, enrolled women aged 16-40 years from post-rape care services, and a control  group of women from Primary Health Care services. Women who were HIV negative at  baseline (441 in the rape-exposed group and 578 in the control group) were followed  for 12 to 36 months with assessments every three months in the first year and every  six months thereafter. Multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for baseline and  time varying covariates were used to investigate the effect of rape exposure on HIV  incidence over follow-up. <br><br>RESULTS: Eighty-six women acquired HIV during 1605.5 total  person-years of follow-up, with an incident rate of 6.6 per 100 person-years (95%  confidence interval (CI): 4.8 - 9.1) among the rape exposed group and 4.7 per 100  person-years (95% CI: 3.5 - 6.2) among control group. After controlling for  confounders (age, previous trauma, social support, perceived stress, multiple  partners and transactional sex with a casual partner), women exposed to rape had a  60% increased risk of acquiring HIV (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.59 (95% CI: 1.01 -  2.48) compared to those not exposed. Survival analysis showed difference in HIV  incident occurred after month nine. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Rape is a long-term risk factor for  HIV acquisition. Rape survivors need both immediate and long-term HIV prevention and  care.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9370",
doi="10.1097/QAD.0000000000002779",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002779"
}