@article{ref1,
title="A systematic review of cognitive functioning after traumatic brain injury in  individuals aged 10-30 years",
journal="Cognitive and behavioral neurology",
year="2020",
author="Kohler, Mark J. and Hendrickx, Matthew D. and Powell-Jones, Alycia and Bryan-Hancock, Claire",
volume="33",
number="4",
pages="233-252",
abstract="Given the importance of the period of life from 10 to 30 years in terms of cognitive  development and education, combined with the high incidence of traumatic brain  injury (TBI) during this period, and limited consensus as to the pattern and degree  of cognitive impairment post TBI during this period, we conducted a systematic  review to investigate cognitive performance across a range of domains among  individuals between the ages of 10 and 30 years who had sustained a TBI. We searched  five databases and identified 799 unique records; 52 met our inclusion criteria. These studies reported cognitive function for intelligence, attention, memory,  processing speed, and executive function. The majority of the studies reported  significant effects, suggesting that TBI is associated with cognitive impairments in  these domains. Nine of the studies used physiological tests (EEG and fMRI), the  outcomes of which supported behaviorally demonstrated cognitive deficits. In the  studies we reviewed, individuals aged 10-30 years who had experienced a TBI  performed worse than healthy controls on cognitive function measures-specifically  for attention, memory, processing speed, and executive function. In the studies that  subjected the individuals with TBI to EEG and fMRI, atypical activation in  associated brain regions was demonstrated while the individuals were undergoing  cognitive tasks. However, caution should be taken when interpreting the overall  results due to the high risk of bias across the majority of the studies. The broader  implications of reduced cognitive performance after TBI across this age range are  yet to be fully understood.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1543-3633",
doi="10.1097/WNN.0000000000000236",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000236"
}