@article{ref1,
title="A new social network scale for detecting depressive symptoms in older Japanese  adults",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2020",
author="Bae, Seongryu and Harada, Kenji and Chiba, Ippei and Makino, Keitaro and Katayama, Osamu and Lee, Sangyoon and Shinkai, Yohei and Shimada, Hiroyuki",
volume="17",
number="23",
pages="e8874-e8874",
abstract="Social engagement and networking deter depression among older adults. During the  COVID-19 pandemic, older adults are especially at risk of isolation from  face-to-face and non-face-to-face interactions. We developed the National Center for  Geriatrics and Gerontology Social Network Scale (NCGG-SNS) to assess frequency of,  and satisfaction with, social interactions. The NCGG-SNS consists of four domains:  face-to-face/non-face-to-face interactions with family/friends. Each domain score is  obtained by multiplying frequency ratings by satisfaction ratings for each item; all  scores were summed to obtain a total NCGG-SNS score (range: 0-64). Additionally,  face-to-face and non-face-to-face subscores were calculated. Higher scores indicated  satisfactory social networking. A cohort of 2445 older Japanese adults completed the  NCGG-SNS and the Geriatrics Depression Scale-Short form. Receiver Operating  Characteristic (ROC) analysis and logistic regression determined predictive validity  for depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were reported by 284 participants  (11.6%). The optimal NCGG-SNS cut-off value to identify depressive symptoms was 26.5  points. In logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders, lower  NCGG-SNS values were significantly associated with greater prevalence of depressive  symptoms. Face-to-face and non-face-to-face subscores were associated with  depressive symptoms. The NCGG-SNS is a valid and useful indicator of  multidimensional social networking enabling identification of depressive symptoms in  older adults.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph17238874",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238874"
}