@article{ref1,
title="Childhood trauma and experience in close relationships are associated with the god image: does religiosity make a difference?",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2020",
author="Kosarkova, Alice and Malinakova, Klara and van Dijk, Jitse P. and Tavel, Peter",
volume="17",
number="23",
pages="e8841-e8841",
abstract="Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) and some of their specific aspects are associated  with health. A negatively perceived relationship with God, which has adverse health  outcomes, can be formed by human attachment both in childhood and adulthood. The aim  of this study was to assess the associations of childhood trauma (CT) and experience  in close relationships (ECR) with the God image in a secular environment by  religiosity. A national representative sample of Czech adults (n = 1800, 51.1 ± 17.2  years; 43.5% men) participated in a survey. We measured CT (Childhood Trauma  Questionnaire), ECR (Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised Questionnaire),  image of God (questions from the 2005 Baylor Survey) and religiosity. Our results  showed associations of CT and ECR with God images. Respondents who experienced CT  were less likely to describe God as loving, always present and forgiving. Religious  respondents were less likely to report positive God images with odds ratios (ORs)  from 0.78 (0.66-0.94) to 0.95 (0.91-0.99), nonreligious respondents reported  negative God images with ORs from 1.03 (1.00-1.06) to 1.22 (1.08-1.37). We found CT  and problems in close relationships in adulthood are associated with a less positive  God image, especially in nonreligious people. Understanding these associations may  help prevent detrimental health outcomes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph17238841",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238841"
}