@article{ref1,
title="The longitudinal association between moral injury appraisals and psychological  outcomes in refugees",
journal="Psychological medicine",
year="2020",
author="Nickerson, Angela and Byrow, Yulisha and Hoffman, Joel and O'Donnell, Meaghan and Bryant, Richard A. and Mastrogiovanni, Natalie and McMahon, Tadgh and Benson, Greg and Mau, Vicki and Liddell, Belinda J.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Refugees report a diverse array of psychological responses following  persecution and displacement. Little is known, however, regarding the mechanisms  that underlie differential psychological reactions in refugees. This study  investigated the longitudinal impact of negative moral appraisals about one's own  actions [i.e. moral injury-self (MI-self) appraisals] and others' actions [i.e. moral injury-other (MI-others) appraisals] on a variety of psychological symptoms  over a period of 6 months. <br><br>METHODS: Participants were 1085 Arabic, Farsi, Tamil, or  English-speaking refugees who completed a survey at baseline and 6 months later  either on-line or via pen-and-paper. The survey indexed demographic factors,  exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), exposure to ongoing stressors,  MI-other appraisals, MI-self appraisals, re-experiencing and arousal symptoms, and  feelings of sadness, anger and shame. <br><br>RESULTS: Findings indicated that, after  controlling for demographics, PTE exposure and ongoing stressors, MI-other  appraisals predicted increased re-experiencing and hyperarousal symptoms, and  feelings of sadness and shame. MI-self appraisals predicted decreased feelings of  shame, and decreased re-experiencing symptoms. In contrast, psychological symptoms  at baseline did not as strongly influence MI appraisals 6 months later. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS:  These findings highlight the important role that cognitive appraisals of adverse  events play in the longitudinal course of psychological symptoms. These results thus  have important implications for the development of tailored psychological  interventions to alleviate the mental health burden held by refugees.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0033-2917",
doi="10.1017/S0033291720004262",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720004262"
}