@article{ref1,
title="Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in Central Malawi",
journal="BMC public health",
year="2020",
author="Chilanga, Emmanuel and Collin-Vézina, Delphine and Khan, Mohammad Nuruzzaman and Riley, Liam",
volume="20",
number="1",
pages="e1848-e1848",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global human rights  violation and a public health problem. The phenomenon is linked to adverse health  effects for women and children. Mothers of young children in Malawi can be  particularly at risk because of gender-based power imbalances. The objectives of  this study were to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of IPV against  mothers of children under-five years of age in rural Malawi. <br><br>METHODS: A multistage,  cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 538 mothers of young children was  randomly selected from postnatal clinics in Dowa district. The WHO's Violence  against women screening instrument was used to collect data. Logistic regressions  were used to determine risk factors that were associated with IPV against mothers. <br><br>RESULTS: Overall prevalence of all four forms of IPV against mothers of under-five  children was 60.2%. The prevalence of IPV controlling behavior, psychological,  physical, and sexual violence were 74.7, 49.4, 43.7 and 73.2% respectively. In  multivariate analyses, mothers whose partners had extra marital affairs were more  likely to experience controlling behavior (AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.59-8.55, P = 0.001),  psychological (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.486-3.472, P = 0.001) and physical (AOR: 2.29,  95% CI: 1.48-3.94, P = 0.001) violence than mothers whose partners did not have  extra marital affairs. Mothers whose partners consume alcohol were more likely to  experience sexual violence (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17-3.41, P = 0.001) than mothers  whose partners did not drink. Finally, mothers who spent more than 30 min drawing  water were at greater risk of experiencing IPV than mothers who spent less than  30 min. <br><br>CONCLUSION: This study found a significantly higher prevalence of IPV  against mothers of under-five children in rural Malawi compared to women in the  general population. Micro and macro-level programs aimed at mitigating the partners'  potential risk behaviors identified in this study are suggested. Public health  programs that support increased household access to safe water are also recommended  to help undermine IPV against mothers.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1471-2458",
doi="10.1186/s12889-020-09910-z",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09910-z"
}