@article{ref1,
title="Effects of violent video games on players' and observers' aggressive cognitions and  aggressive behaviors",
journal="Journal of experimental child psychology",
year="2020",
author="Zhang, Qian and Cao, Yi and Tian, JingJin",
volume="203",
number="",
pages="e105005-e105005",
abstract="Although previous research has shown that exposure to violent video games is related  to aggression, little is known about the relationship between the player's  perspective (player vs. observer) and aggression. In this experimental study, we  tested the short-term effects of actively playing versus passively observing the  same type of video games on aggressive cognitions and aggressive behaviors. A total  of 192 12-year-old children (50% girls) were randomly assigned to one of four  conditions: (a) violent game player (active violent players), (b) violent game  observer (passive violent observers), (c) neutral game player (active neutral  players), or (d) neutral game observer (passive neutral observers). After either  playing or observing the designated games, each participant completed a lexical  decision task and a competitive reaction time task to measure their aggressive  cognitions and behaviors. <br><br>RESULTS showed that players displayed more aggressive  cognitions and behaviors than observers. Boys displayed more aggressive cognitions  and behaviors than girls, but this trend was observed only in the violent game play  condition. Mediational analysis suggested that aggressive cognitions partially  mediated the effect of violent video games on aggressive behaviors.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-0965",
doi="10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105005",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105005"
}