@article{ref1,
title="Self-isolation due to CoViD-19 is linked to small one-year changes in depression, sleepiness, and insomnia: results from a clinic for sleep disorders in Shiga Prefecture, Japan",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2020",
author="Ubara, Ayaka and Sumi, Yukiyoshi and Ito, Kazuki and Matsuda, Arichika and Matsuo, Masahiro and Miyamoto, Towa and Kadotani, Hiroshi",
volume="17",
number="23",
pages="e8971-e8971",
abstract="We aimed to analyze (a) the changes in depression, sleepiness, insomnia, and sleep habits in relation to the degree of self-isolation and (b) the effects of changes in sleep habits and social interactions on depression, insomnia, and sleepiness during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We enrolled 164 patients who visited the sleep outpatient clinic in Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital. We compared the sleep habits, depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9: PHQ-9), insomnia (Athens Insomnia Scale: AIS), and sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale: ESS) of patients during the period from April to July 2019 vs. May 2020 (a period of self-isolation due to COVID-19). A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated no significant differences in PHQ-9, ESS, and AIS scores between 2019 and 2020 within both the strong self-isolation group and no/little self-isolation group. With respect to sleep habits, earlier bedtime (p = 0.006) and increased sleep duration (p = 0.014) were found in the strong self-isolation group. The former (p = 0.009) was also found in the no/little self-isolation group, but we found significant differences in sleep duration between the no/little self-isolation group and the strong self-isolation group (p = 0.047). Therefore, self-isolation due to COVID-19 had relatively small one-year effects on depression, sleepiness, and insomnia in a clinical population.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph17238971",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238971"
}