@article{ref1,
title="Peer loss: Posttraumatic stress, depression, and grief symptoms in a traumatized adolescent community",
journal="Clinical child psychology and psychiatry",
year="2020",
author="Giannopoulou, Ioanna and Richardson, Clive and Papadatou, Danai",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="In our prospective study, 168 adolescents exposed directly or indirectly to the same traumatic event-a fatal school bus accident-in which seven students were killed instantly, were assessed for post-traumatic stress, depression and grief symptoms at 2- and 18-months post-accident. Prevalence rates of likely PTSD and depression were noted across all types of physical proximity exposure: 77.6% and 48.1% respectively in the indirectly exposed group, 79.4% and 47.1% respectively in the directly in-the-area exposed group, and 77.8% and 42.1% respectively in the directly in-bus exposed group. One-fifth experienced high and unremitting levels of grief symptoms over time (&quot;persistent grief&quot;); 17% with initially high levels of grief symptoms showed a decrease at 18 months but were still within the low medium range (&quot;towards recovery&quot;); 39% with initially medium/high grief symptoms reported low levels of grief at the follow-up (&quot;recovery&quot;); and 23% of the participants experienced grief symptoms that remained persistently low (&quot;resilient&quot;). The absence of both PTSD and depression at 18 months predicted adjustment to loss, whereas the absence of depression at 18 months predicted a recovering course of grief. The findings highlight the impact of high levels of post-traumatic stress and depression symptoms on the long-term persistent grief outcome.  Keywords: Bereavement <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1359-1045",
doi="10.1177/1359104520980028",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104520980028"
}