@article{ref1,
title="Conducting an asylum evaluation focused on female genital mutilation/cutting status  or risk",
journal="International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics",
year="2020",
author="Mishori, Ranit and Ottenheimer, Deborah and Morris, Elise",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) is considered a human  rights violation and is practiced all over the world. It has been used as a basis  for seeking asylum in various countries, including in the USA since 1996, and the  precedent-setting matter of Kissindja. Clinicians in the USA and elsewhere who  perform asylum evaluations may be called upon to evaluate women who seek asylum  based on their FGM/C status or risk. In this manuscript, we provide expert-informed  best practices to conduct asylum evaluations based specifically on FGM/C. We review  evidence-based history taking, physical examination unique to the population of  women and girls affected by FGM/C, and consider the evaluation in the context of  trauma-informed care. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Although general clinical skills often suffice to  perform asylum evaluations, FGM/C represents a unique niche within the field of  gynecological asylum evaluations and requires additional background knowledge and  clinical competencies. ETHICAL APPROVAL: As this is a clinical review and does not  involve patients or research subjects no ethical approval was sought or was  necessary.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0020-7292",
doi="10.1002/ijgo.13428",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13428"
}