@article{ref1,
title="Mixed traffic flow signal timing optimization method considering e-bike expansion influence",
journal="Journal of transportation engineering, Part A: Systems",
year="2021",
author="Gao, Yuhong and Qu, Zhaowei and Jiang, Jingling and Song, Xianmin and Xia, Yingji",
volume="147",
number="2",
pages="e04020155-e04020155",
abstract="The increase in e-bikes has aggravated traffic conflicts and casualties at intersections. However, existing signal control methods focus on motor vehicles, ignoring the influence of expansion behavior of e-bikes on motor vehicles. In order to better balance the traffic benefits between them, this paper proposes a new release mode named e-bike early green and establishes a signal timing model of mixed traffic flow considering e-bike early green (MTEG). In particular, an effect strength indictor that reflects the degree of influence of e-bikes on motor vehicles is put forward. Then, based on this indicator and e-bike ratio, the calculation model for e-bike early green time is built. The Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II is applied to solve the MTEG model that considers multi-objective optimization coordination. The results show that, when the e-bike ratio is in the range of 0.4-0.6, compared with the method proposed by the Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL), the method proposed by the Australian Road Research Board (ARRB), and Improved-Webster method, the maximum improvement values of the MTEG method in cycle length, average vehicle delay, intersection capacity, and average stops per vehicle are −5.56%−5.56%<math display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mo form=&quot;prefix&quot;>−</mo><mn>5.56</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math>, −22.04%−22.04%<math display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mo form=&quot;prefix&quot;>−</mo><mn>22.04</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math>, +2.30%+2.30%<math display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mo form=&quot;prefix&quot;>+</mo><mn>2.30</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math>, and −8.00%−8.00%<math display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mo form=&quot;prefix&quot;>−</mo><mn>8.00</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math>, respectively. The outcomes provide a signal timing basis and technical support for a mixed traffic flow environment containing numerous e-bikes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2473-2907",
doi="10.1061/JTEPBS.0000478",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/JTEPBS.0000478"
}