@article{ref1,
title="Cognitive-communication performance following mild traumatic brain injury: influence  of sex, age, education, site of lesion and bilingualism",
journal="International journal of language and communication disorders",
year="2020",
author="Leblanc, Joanne and Seresova, Alena and Laberge-Poirier, Andréanne and Tabet, Sabrina and Alturki, Abdulrahman Y. and Feyz, Mitra and De Guise, Elaine",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Although previous research studies have defined several prognostic  factors that affect cognitive-communication performance in patients with all  traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity, little is known about what variables are  associated with cognitive-communication impairment in complicated mild TBI (mTBI)  specifically. AIMS: To determine which demographic and trauma-related factors are  associated with cognitive-communication performance in the early recovery phase of  acute care following a complicated mTBI. <br><br>METHODS & PROCEDURES: Demographic and  accident-related data as well as the scores on cognitive-communication skill  measures in the areas of auditory comprehension (complex ideational material subtest  of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination), verbal reasoning (verbal absurdities  subtest of the Detroit Test of Learning Aptitude), confrontation naming (short form  of the Boston Naming Test), verbal fluency (semantic category and letter category  naming), and conversational discourse (conversational checklist of the Protocole  Montréal d'évaluation de la communication) were retrospectively collected from the  medical records of 128 patients with complicated mTBI admitted to a tertiary care  trauma hospital. Multiple linear regressions analyses were carried out on the  variables sex, age, education level, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, lesion site and  bilingualism. OUTCOMES & RESULTS: Females performed better than males on  letter-category naming, while those more advanced in age performed worse on most  cognitive-communication measures. Patients with higher education achieved better  confrontation and letter-category naming, whereas reading comprehension results were  worse with a lower GCS score. Bilingual individuals presented more difficulty in  conversational discourse skills than those who spoke only one language. In terms of  site of lesion, the presence of a right frontal injury was associated with worse  auditory and reading comprehension and an occipital lesion was related to worse  confrontation naming. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: Cognitive-communication skills  should be evaluated early in all patients with complicated mTBI, but especially in  those who are advanced in age, those with fewer years of education and those who  present with lower GCS scores, in order to determine rehabilitation needs. The  findings of this study will allow acute care clinicians to better understand how  various demographic and injury-related factors affect cognitive-communication skills  after complicated mTBI and to better nuance the interpretation of their evaluation  results in order to improve clinical care. Further study is required regarding the  influence of lesion location, sex and bilingualism following complicated mTBI. What  this paper adds What is already known on the subject In early acute recovery studies  including all severity of TBI, cognitive-communication performance was poorer in  individuals with more advanced age, those with fewer years of education and with  more severe TBI. It is not yet known which demographic and injury-related variables  predict cognitive-communication performance after a complicated mTBI specifically. What this paper adds to existing knowledge We confirmed that age, level of education  and TBI severity, as measured with the GCS score, were associated with some areas of  cognitive-communication performance for a group of patients in the acute stage of  recovery from a complicated mTBI. We also identified that sex, bilingualism and site  of lesion were new variables that show an influence on aspects of  cognitive-communication skills in this group of patients. What are the potential or  actual clinical implications of this work? The findings of this study on prognostic  factors in the case of complicated mTBI will help acute care clinicians to better  understand evaluation results knowing the variables that can influence  cognitive-communication performance and to nuance the interpretation of these  results with the goal of determining rehabilitation needs and enhancing clinical  care.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1368-2822",
doi="10.1111/1460-6984.12589",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12589"
}