@article{ref1,
title="Associations among bullying victimization, family dysfunction, negative affect, and bullying perpetration in Macanese adolescents",
journal="International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology",
year="2020",
author="Chui, Wing Hong and Weng, Xue and Khiatani, Paul Vinod",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Bullying has become one of the most significant problem behaviors that school-aged  adolescents face. The current study examines the strain-delinquency relationship by employing General Strain Theory as a guiding framework. &quot;Strain&quot; was operationalized  as bullying victimization and family dysfunction, &quot;delinquency&quot; was operationalized  as bullying perpetration, and &quot;negative affect&quot; was operationalized as anxiety and  depression. Analyses were carried out based on a group of 2,139 Macanese  schoolchildren. Using a structural equation modeling technique, the results revealed  that exposure to family dysfunction and bullying victimization was associated with  adolescents' negative affect, such as anxiety and depression. Contrary to our  expectations, the indirect effect of victimization on bullying through negative  affect was negative, though the mediation effect was relatively small and only  significant in boys. In addition, gender analyses of invariance showed that male  adolescents who experienced more family conflict and parental control were less  likely to engage in bullying. This study could lead to further anti-bullying  interventions and practical efforts designed to improve positive parenting and  adolescents' interpersonal skills.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-624X",
doi="10.1177/0306624X20983741",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624X20983741"
}