@article{ref1,
title="Non-medical cannabis use among Indigenous Canadians: a systematic review of  prevalence and associated factors",
journal="International journal on drug policy",
year="2020",
author="Wennberg, Erica and Lasry, Ariane and Windle, Sarah B. and Filion, Kristian B. and Thombs, Brett D. and Gore, Genevieve and Fischer, Benedikt and Eisenberg, Mark J.",
volume="90",
number="",
pages="e103081-e103081",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Indigenous Canadians may be at an increased risk of non-medical cannabis  use. The aim of this review was to synthesize the prevalence of non-medical cannabis  use and its associated factors among Indigenous Canadians. <br><br>METHODS: We  systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception  to January 29th, 2020 for publications reporting the prevalence of non-medical  cannabis use among Indigenous Canadians. We included studies published in English  after January 1st, 2000. Included publications were hand-searched for potentially  relevant peer-reviewed and gray literature publications. <br><br>RESULTS were synthesized  descriptively. <br><br>RESULTS: We identified 16 peer-reviewed and 7 gray literature  publications which met our inclusion criteria. All data were collected prior to  cannabis legalization in Canada (October 17th, 2018). The most recent estimates of  prevalence of use in the past year were 27% among on-reserve First Nations adults,  50% among off-reserve First Nations adults, and 60% among Nunavik Inuit. In youth,  they were 45% among all Indigenous youth grades 9-12, 27% among on-reserve First  Nations youth aged 12-17, and 69% in Nunavik Inuit aged 16-22. Direct comparisons  indicated a 1.2-15 times higher prevalence of use in Indigenous compared to  non-Indigenous youth. Factors associated with cannabis use in adults included  younger age and male sex. In youth, factors included older age, poorer mental and  physical health, and a poorer relationship with school. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Results suggest  that Indigenous Canadians are at a higher risk for non-medical cannabis use than the  general Canadian population. Further research is warranted to inform the development  of targeted interventions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0955-3959",
doi="10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103081",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103081"
}