@article{ref1,
title="Systematic review and meta-analysis of sex-based differences for concussion  incidence in soccer",
journal="Physician and sportsmedicine",
year="2020",
author="Dave, Udit and Kinderknecht, James and Cheng, Jennifer and Santiago, Kristen and Jivanelli, Bridget and Ling, Daphne I.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To compare concussion incidence in male and female soccer players due to  the specific concussion-causing activity. <br><br>METHODS/DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, and  Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between January 2000 and  February 2020. Search terms included &quot;sex,&quot; &quot;gender,&quot; &quot;sex differences,&quot; &quot;brain  injury,&quot; &quot;sports,&quot; &quot;athletes,&quot; &quot;incidence,&quot; &quot;epidemiology,&quot; &quot;symptoms,&quot; and &quot;injury  rate.&quot; Studies that contained data on concussion incidence in soccer and featured  comparisons by sex and soccer activity were included. Studies that were not written  in English, contained data on non-sports-related concussions, or were conference  abstracts were excluded. <br><br>RESULTS: Six studies were included in this meta-analysis,  each of which contributed the number of concussions in males and females for a  specific soccer activity. Concussion incidence rates were calculated using  athlete-exposures as the denominator and a rate ratio was measured by dividing the  concussion rate among female soccer players by the rate among male soccer players. Female soccer players were shown to have a greater rate of concussions from heading  [1.65 (95% CI: 1.35, 2.03, p<0.001)] and goalkeeping [1.63 (95% CI: 1.22, 2.17,  p=0.001)]. There were 3 studies comparing sex differences for general play. While  the pooled rate ratio was statistically significant [1.51 (95% CI: 1.12, 2.04),  p=0.007], this result was largely driven by 1 study. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Concussion  incidence rates were significantly higher in female soccer players compared to male  players while heading. There is also some evidence to suggest that the incidence is  higher for female goalkeepers. It is important for soccer coaches and health care  providers to recognize this sex difference when coaching or treating players.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0091-3847",
doi="10.1080/00913847.2020.1868955",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2020.1868955"
}