@article{ref1,
title="Sleepy driving: accidents and injury",
journal="Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery",
year="2002",
author="Powell, N. B. and Schechtman, K. B. and Riley, R. W. and Li, Ke and Guilleminault, C.",
volume="126",
number="3",
pages="217-227",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The study goals were to evaluate the associated risks of driving and to assess predictors of accidents and injury due to sleepiness. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional Internet-linked survey was designed to elicit data on driving habits, sleepiness, accidents, and injuries during the preceding 3 years. Statistical analysis included logistic models with covariate-adjusted P values of <0.01 (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals or limits). Independent accident predictors were sought. RESULTS: Responses from 10,870 drivers were evaluated. The mean +/- SD age was 36.9 +/- 13 years; 61% were women and 85% were white. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale overall baseline score was 7.4 +/- 4.2 (for drivers with no accidents) and ranged to 12.7 +/- 7.2 (for drivers with > or = 4 accidents) (P = < 0.0001). Twenty-three percent of all respondents experienced > or = 1 accident. Among respondents who reported > or = 4 accidents, a strong association existed for the most recent accident to include injury (P < 0.0001). Sleep disorders were reported by 22.5% of all respondents, with a significantly higher prevalence (35%, P = 0.002) for drivers who had been involved in > or = 3 accidents. CONCLUSION: Factors of sleepiness were strongly associated with a greater risk of automobile accidents. Predictors were identified that may contribute to accidents and injury when associated with sleepiness and driving.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0194-5998",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}