@article{ref1,
title="An N-of-1 study of daily alcohol consumption following Minimum Unit Pricing implementation in Scotland",
journal="Addiction",
year="2020",
author="McCann, Mark and Bowman, Louise and Craig, Peter and Anderson, Martin and O'Gorman, Aileen and Boroujerdi, Massoud and Kwasnicka, Dominika",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Within the context of Scotland's policy change to implement a Minimum Unit Price (MUP) per unit of alcohol sold in licenced premises, this study  used an N-of-1 design to assess between person differences in the psychological and  social factors associated with daily alcohol consumption. <br><br>DESIGN: A mixed methods  approach combined N-of-1 observational studies, comprising daily surveys followed by  qualitative social network interviews (not reported here). Peer researchers with  lived experience of substance use were involved in the study design and fieldwork. SETTING: Towns and rural areas in the East of Scotland. PARTICIPANTS/CASES:  Twenty-five adults with current or recent history of alcohol dependence recruited  for three 12-week waves: 11 in wave 1 (pre-MUP), 11 in wave 2 (pre and post MUP) and  3 in wave 3 (post MUP). MEASUREMENTS: Gender, age, alcohol and other drug use  history. Daily surveys for 12 weeks captured information about factors in the last  24 hours, e.g., amount and type of alcohol consumed, stress, social contact. <br><br>FINDINGS: Each participant was in the daily survey for a mean of 64 days (SD=42;  median=59), with a response rate of 48%; 15 participants provided sufficient data  for analysis. Factors related to daily alcohol consumption differed between  individuals. Models suggested some individuals with high initial consumption reduced  drinking after MUP, but explanatory factors differed, e.g. changing motivation was  important for some while alcohol availability was important for others. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS:  Adapting N-of-1 methods for an observational study uncovered differences in alcohol  consumption change before and after minimum unit pricing (MUP) implementation in  Scotland, evidence of individual differences in the factors relating to alcohol  consumption patterns, and some evidence that post-MUP consumption changes may be  related to changing psycho-social factors.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0965-2140",
doi="10.1111/add.15382",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.15382"
}