@article{ref1,
title="Internal (factorial) validity of the ANAM using a cohort of woman high-school soccer players",
journal="Archives of clinical neuropsychology",
year="2020",
author="Kaminski, Thomas W. and Watkins, Marley and Wahlquist, Victoria E. and Davey, Adam and Glutting, Joseph J.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Computerized neuropsychological testing is a cornerstone of sport-related concussion assessment. Female soccer players are at an increased risk  for concussion as well as exposures to repetitive head impacts from heading a soccer  ball. Our primary aim was to examine factorial validity of the Automated  Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) neuropsychological test battery in  computing the multiple neurocognitive constructs it purports to measure in a large  cohort of interscholastic female soccer players. <br><br>METHODS: Study participants  included 218 interscholastic female soccer players (age = 17.0±0.7 year; mass =  55.5±6.8 kg; height = 164.7±6.6 cm) drawn from a large (850+) prospective database  examining purposeful heading from four area high schools over a 10-year period. The  ANAM-2001 measured neurocognitive performance. Three methods were used to identify  integral constructs underlying the ANAM: (a) exploratory factor analysis (EFA), (b)  first-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and (c) hierarchical CFA. <br><br>RESULTS:  Neuropsychological phenomena measured by the ANAM-2001 were best reproduced by a  hierarchical CFA organization, composed of two lower level factors (Simple Reaction  Time, Mental Efficiency) and a single, general composite. Although the ANAM was  multidimensional, only the composite was found to possess sufficient construct  dimensionality and reliability for clinical score interpretation. <br><br>FINDINGS failed to  uphold suppositions that the ANAM measures seven distinct constructs, or that any of  its seven tests provide unique information independent of other constructs, or the  composite, to support individual interpretation. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes infer the  ANAM possesses factorial-validity evidence, but only scores from the composite  appear to sufficiently internally valid, and reliable, to support applied use by  practitioners.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0887-6177",
doi="10.1093/arclin/acaa120",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa120"
}