@article{ref1,
title="Circumstances of overdose among suburban women who use opioids: extending an urban analysis informed by drug, set, and setting",
journal="International journal on drug policy",
year="2020",
author="Lamonica, Aukje K. and Boeri, Miriam and Turner, Jeffrey",
volume="90",
number="",
pages="e103082-e103082",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Opioid overdoses are primarily discussed by the pharmacological properties of the drugs used. Research shows that other factors such as the  social/physical environment and the mental/emotional states can have an impact on  overdose events. Ataiants and colleagues (2020) used Zinberg's &quot;drug, set, and  setting&quot; framework to identify circumstances surrounding overdose experiences of  street-involved women in Philadelphia. The aim of this paper is to extend their  analysis to a diverse sample of suburban women who experienced overdoses. <br><br>METHODS:  The mixed-methods design consisted of ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews,  and brief surveys with 32 suburban women who use opioids. Inductive theoretical  reasoning and constant comparative analysis facilitated themes emerging within the  &quot;drug, set, and setting&quot; framework. <br><br>RESULTS: Eighteen out of 32 women identified  &quot;drug&quot; as the primary factor involved in their overdose events. Major themes were an  inability to identify the synthetic opioid fentanyl, lack of knowledge or control  over how much to use, poly-substance use, and an insufficient understanding of  risks. Eleven out of 32 women linked &quot;set&quot; to their overdose experiences. Themes  included emotional trauma, such as death of a child, child custody issues, and  mental health conditions, such as depression. Six out of 32 women associated  &quot;setting&quot; with one of their overdose experiences. Themes were related to being with  friends or partners that used, and having recently been released from treatment or  incarceration. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Findings show similar themes found among an urban sample,  adding insight on the need for effective overdose interventions targeted for  suburban populations. The opioid crisis is not confined to the cities, and neither  should services aimed at addressing opioid overdose. The knowledge provided here can  help policy makers support female-centered harm reduction services not only in urban  areas but also in the suburbs.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0955-3959",
doi="10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103082",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103082"
}