@article{ref1,
title="Accuracy of US college football players' estimates of their risk of concussion or injury",
journal="JAMA network open",
year="2020",
author="Baugh, Christine M. and Kroshus, Emily and Meehan, William P. 3rd and McGuire, Thomas G. and Hatfield, Laura A.",
volume="3",
number="12",
pages="e2031509-e2031509",
abstract="IMPORTANCE: Despite increased concern about the health consequences of contact sports, little is known about athletes' understanding of their own risk of  sports-related injury. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To assess whether college football players  accurately estimate their risk of concussion and nonconcussion injury and to  identify characteristics of athletes who misestimate their injury risk. DESIGN,  SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this survey study, questionnaires were given to 296  current college football players on 4 teams from the 3 of the 5 most competitive  conferences of the US National Collegiate Athletic Association. Surveys were  conducted between February and May 2017. Data were analyzed from June 2017 through  July 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Multiple approaches were taken to compare  athlete perceptions of their risks of concussion and nonconcussion injury with  individual probabilities of these risks, which were modeled using logistic  regression. <br><br>RESULTS: Of 296 male college-aged athletes from 4 football teams who  participated in the survey, 265 (89%) answered all questions relevant for this  study. Participating teams were similar to nonparticipating teams across nearly all  measured characteristics. One hundred athletes (34%) had sustained 1 or more  concussions, and 197 (68% of the 289 who responded to the question) had sustained 1  or more injuries in the previous football season. Logistic regression models of  single-season injury and concussion had reasonably good fit (area under the curve,  0.75 and 0.73, respectively). Of the 265 participants for whom all relevant data  were available, 111 (42%) underestimated their risk of concussion (χ2 = 98.6;  P = .003). A similar proportion of athletes (113 [43%]) underestimated their risk of  injury, although this was not statistically significant (χ2 = 34.0; P = .09). An  alternative analytic strategy suggested that 241 athletes (91%) underestimated their  risk of injury (Wilcoxon statistic, 7865; P < .001) and 167 (63%) underestimated  their risk of concussion (Wilcoxon statistic, 26 768; P < .001). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND  RELEVANCE: The findings of this survey study suggest that college football players  may underestimate their risk of injury and concussion. The implications for informed  participation in sport are unclear given that people generally underestimate health  risks. It is necessary to consider whether athletes are sufficiently informed and  how much risk is acceptable for an athlete to participate in a sport.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2574-3805",
doi="10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.31509",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.31509"
}