@article{ref1,
title="Dental trauma and tongue injuries in professional alpine ski racing-a worldwide survey",
journal="Dental traumatology",
year="2020",
author="Ineichen, Jasmin and Connert, Thomas and Kühl, Sebastian and Filippi, Andreas",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND/AIM: Skiing is a sport with a medium risk of injuries, and injuries are increasingly common among professional alpine skiers. Examples of other medium-risk  sports are for example handball, basketball, and karate. The aim of this study was  to assess the frequency of dental trauma in professional alpine skiing and to  determine whether the frequency of dental injuries is associated with a skier's  performance level, alpine skiing discipline, and/or years of skiing experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire consisting of 17 questions was distributed to  professional male ski racers to gather information about their skiing discipline  (category), performance level, and injuries, particularly dental trauma. <br><br>RESULTS: A  total of 161 out of 190 skiers returned the survey, with a response rate of 84.2%. Of these, 134 (83.2%) had suffered alpine ski racing-related injuries during their  career and 38 (23.6%) reported skiing-related dental trauma-most commonly crown  fractures (65.8%, n = 25), which mainly involved the maxillary or mandibular  incisors (76.0%, n = 28). Ski racers with higher performance levels were more likely  to experience dental injuries, but the difference in the frequency of dental trauma  between participants in the speed versus technical category was not significant. Likewise, the number of years of ski racing experience did not impact the frequency  of dental injuries. The participants rarely wore custom-made mouthguards (6.8%,  n = 11). None of those who reported dental injuries were wearing a custom-made  mouthguard when the injury occured. They preferred to wear chin guards,  over-the-counter mouthguards, or no mouthguards. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Professional alpine ski  racing has a medium risk of dental trauma, which further increases with skier  performance level. The participating skiers rarely wore custom-made mouthguards.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1600-4469",
doi="10.1111/edt.12643",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/edt.12643"
}