@article{ref1,
title="World Trade Center exposure and posttraumatic growth: assessing positive psychological change 15 years after 9/11",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2021",
author="Pollari, Cristina D. and Brite, Jennifer and Brackbill, Robert M. and Gargano, Lisa M. and Adams, Shane W. and Russo-Netzer, Pninit and Davidov, Jonathan and Banyard, Victoria and Cone, James E.",
volume="18",
number="1",
pages="e4-e4",
abstract="We evaluated the presence of posttraumatic growth (PTG) among survivors of the 9/11 terrorist attack and how indicators of psychosocial well-being, direct 9/11-related  exposure, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) relate to PTG. PTG was examined  among 4934 participants using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). A  confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to determine if the original factor  structure of the PTGI fits our data and principal component analysis (PCA) to  identify the appropriate factor structure. Multivariable linear regression models  were used to examine the association between PTG and indicators of psychosocial  well-being, 9/11-related exposure, and PTSS, controlling for covariates. CFA  identified a two-factor structure of the PTGI as a better fit than the original  five-factor model. Participants who experienced very high 9/11-related exposure  level (ß = 7.72; 95% CI: 5.75-9.70), higher PTSS at waves 1 (ß = 0.13; 95% CI:  0.08-0.18) and 2 (ß = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.05-0.14), high social integration (ß = 5.71;  95% CI: 4.47, 6.96), greater social support (ß = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.61), and  higher self-efficacy (ß = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.48) had higher PTGI scores. Our  findings suggest PTG is present, 15 years following the 9/11 terrorist attack. Very  high-level 9/11 exposure, PTSS, and indicators of psychosocial well-being were  associated with PTG.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph18010104",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010104"
}